A. General objectives:
By the end of this course, students are expected to understand:
1. A working knowledge of the principles of medical, scientific and technical evidence-gathering and the presentation of such evidence in the courts of law.
2. Appreciate both the scope and the limitations of medical and
scientific investigation in assisting the courts.
3. Give a clear account of the procedures used in death
investigation, the role of the Attorney General and the rules
governing fatal accident inquiries.
4. Construct, from basic scientific and other factual information
supplied concerning a scene of death, a logically argued
reconstruction of the events leading up to death, indicating what further investigations would be required for a full inquiry
of this type.
5. Show a basic knowledge of the professional and ethical considerations governing everyday medical practice.
B. Methods of instruction:
1. Lectures
Lectures will address specific topics and try to clarify important concepts.
2. Seminars
Fourteen seminars in the form of interactive and discussion type of selective topics will be allocated to each group of students.
3. Practical classes
The whole class is divided into 12 small groups for this activity in the clinics. The objective is to be familiar with the patterns of injuries and assaults.
4. Postmortem examination.
The students will attend the postmortem examinations conducted by the forensic doctors and attend/understand the different techniques of autopsy, collection of samples for pathological examinations and samples from body fluids for toxicological examination.
C. Evaluation and distribution of marks:
- Seminars and In-course evaluation=30%
- End rotation exam=30%
- final written exam=40%
D. Recommended text books:
Simpson's Forensic Medicine by Bernard Knight 12th edition(2001)
SEMINARS
No. |
Title |
Objectives |
1 |
Investigation of the Scene of Death/cirme |
1. know how the investigation of a scene of death is
approached.
2. understand what constitutes evidence and how it
should be preserved.
3. understand the importance and nature of
documentation of evidence.
4. list and know the roles of the different specialist
investigators at a scene of death.
5. appreciate the need to avoid cross-contamination
of samples and the steps taken to avoid it. |
2 |
Therapeutic, Criminal abortion & Infanticide
|
1. be able to define in simple terms fetus viability,
abortion, stillbirth and infanticide.
2. know the major methods of illegal
abortion and their likely complications.
3. know the main medical signs of live
birth and stillbirth. |
3 |
Postmortem Changes |
1. know the methods by which the postmortem
interval can be estimated and their limitations.
2. know the way in which the body cools after death,
its rate of doing so and the factors which influence
this
3. know the nature and significance of hypostasis,
cadaveric spasm, rigor mortis, putrefaction,
mummification and adipocerous change and the
rates at which these phenomena occur
4. know the nature and significance of postmortem
injury.
|
4 |
Common Injuries |
1. have a clear understanding of the way in which
wounds are regarded in law and in medical
practice
2. know the definition, mechanism and diagnostic
significance of bruises, abrasions, lacerations,
incised wounds, stab wounds and fractures and
the factors which may modify them
3. know the distinction between bite marks and oral
suction marks
4. know the legal significance and medical methods
of determining the degree of force used in inflicting
an injury |
5 |
Firearms and Firearm Wounds |
1. understand the basic principles on which modern
firearms work and the major substances emitted by
a gun when it fires
2. know the basic principles of determination of the
range of fire in rifled and smoothbore firearms
3. know the basic distinguishing features of entry and
exit firearm wounds.
4. know the basic principles on which determination
of accidental, suicidal and homicidal firearm
wounding is made. |
6 |
Sudden Infant Death syndrome (SIDS) |
1. know a working approach & the incidence and distribution of SIDS and recent trends in its occurrence
2. be able to list the major causes of sudden
unexpected death in infancy
3. know the major risk factors for SIDS
4. know the main autopsy findings in SIDS
5. know the main current theories and hypothesies for the cause of SIDS |
7 |
Child abuse & Family Violence
|
a. Physical
1. be able to define child abuse
2. have a basic knowledge of the historical
recognition of child abuse
3. be able to list the major clinical, radiological and
pathological signs, of physical child abuse
4. be able to list the major natural conditions which
may mimic child abuse
5. be able to state the general strategy for dealing
with child abuse
|
|
|
b. Sexual
1. be able to define child sexual abuse
2. be able to list the major clinical signs of child
sexual abuse
3. be able to describe the investigation of a case of
suspected child sexual abuse, including the
medical examination and laboratory tests |
8 |
Alcohol-Ethanol |
1. know briefly the sources, absorption, metabolism
and elimination of ethanol.
2. know the measurement of ethanol consumption in
units.
3. know the effects of ethanol.
4. know the local and some foreign laws
concerning drinking & driving.
5. understand the interpretation of clinical findings in
relation to alcohol levels.
6. understand the alcohol related causes of death. |
9 |
Forensic Toxicology |
1. be able to describe the role and scope of the
forensic toxicologist
2. be able to describe in general terms the working
methods, instrumentation and diagnostic problems
of the toxicological labs.
3. understand the way in which toxicological
evidence is presented in court |
10 |
Medical Confidentiality |
1. clearly understand the concept of medical
confidentiality, ethical and legal principles
which underlie it
2. know the major circumstances in which patient
confidentiality can be breached in the public
interest or on the order of a court |
11 |
Torture & Death in Custody |
1. appreciate the importance and the concern about
such incidences by the public, media and families
& the balanced ways of interacting of all parties
concerned.
2. to understand and follow methodical documenta-
tion of injuries.
3. scene investigation
4. review the police records including all statements
of persons who witnessed on event. |
12 |
Medical Ethics |
1. to know the major laws of Jordan Medical Council
2. understand the concept of medical confidentially
and the laws governing it.
3. to appreciate the circumstances in which the
public interest may really over-ride the
individual interests.
4. to know the laws governing treatment of people
who are unable of giving consent.
5. to know the defendants ability to take part in a trial
6. to know the main factors for the legal basis of
criminal responsibility. |
13 |
Medical Malpractice |
1. to know the significance of medical registration.
2. to know the main categories of professional
misconduct.
3. to understand the different authorities which
investigate the individuals complaints.
4. to appreciate the incidents and deaths which are
apparently associated with lack of medical care.
5. to understand the changing concepts of death. |
LECTURES
1 |
Sudden Natural Death |
1. have a clear knowledge of the body systems
implicated in sudden natural death and the
proportions of deaths attributable to disorders of
each system.
2. know the major forms of disease which cause
sudden natural death and the mechanisms by
which they do so. |
2 |
Asphyxia |
1. understand clearly the concept of asphyxia both
to lawyers and to medical practitioners, together
with its legal significance
2. know the general changes associated with
asphyxia and the mechanisms by which they operate.
3. know the main categories of asphyxial and related
deaths and the circumstances which bring them
about. |
3 |
Drowning and Immersion |
1. know the different mechanisms of death which may have been involved when a body is recovered from immersion.
2. know the changes in the human body which occur
in immersion
3. know the major tests which may be applied to
support a diagnosis of drowning. |
4 |
Thermal injuries & Fire Deaths |
1. know the classification of thermal injuries.
2. have a basic understanding of the factors which
influence survival and disability following thermal
injuries.
3. know the basic findings which may be associated
with death from hypothermia and hyperthermia.
4. know the mechanisms of death in fires and the
common causes of house fires
5. know the tests applied to thermal death.
6. know the common heat artifacts seen in victims of
fatal fires. |
5 |
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning |
1. know the sources and nature of carbon monoxide
gas and the mechanism by which it causes
poisoning.
2. know the methods by which such poisoning is
assessed and their limitations. |
6 |
Sexual Offences against Adults |
1. be able to define rape and other sexual offences
under Jordan laws.
2. be able to describe the procedure governing the
medical examination of victims of alleged rape
and the follow-up care needed
3. be able to describe the procedure governing the
medical examination of the alleged assailant in
a case of rape.
4. be able to describe the procedure governing the
medical examination of a victim of alleged
sodomy and Jordanian laws concerning it. |
7 |
The Expert Witness |
1. know the ethical principles which govern the giving of evidence as an expert witness
2. know the principles which govern the way in which lawyers make use of expert evidence and the correct procedures involved |
PRACTICAL
1 |
Autopsy Procedure
& Aims |
1. Have a clear understanding of the nature and
uses of the autopsy as an investigative method
and its applications in legal practice.
2. have a clear understanding of the importance of
history-taking and scene examination in
interpreting the autopsy findings.
3. have a clear understanding of the structure and
usefulness of a well-written autopsy protocol.
4. distinguish clearly between objective observation
and expression of opinion.
5. have a good working knowledge of the major
useful conclusions which can be drawn from an
autopsy examination. |
2 |
Brain Death & Organ Transplantation |
1. know in simple terms the historical background of
concepts of death.
2. understand the basic concepts of brain stem
death,whole brain death and the vegetative state.
3. know the basic ethical considerations underlying
the diagnosis of brain stem death. |
3 |
Road Traffic Deaths |
1. know the reasons for autopsy of road traffic victims
2. know the major patterns of injuries in individuals
injured in motor vehicle collisions. |
4 |
Identification of
a Single Body |
1. know and be able to describe the methods used in
identification of living, individuals & of corpses including personal characteristics, visual appearance, photography, fingerprinting and DNA profiling, and the limitations
of these methods. |
5 |
The Second Autopsy
|
1. know the major reasons for conducting a second
autopsy
2. know the principles upon which a second autopsy
is conducted |