viewplan

B.Sc of Chemical engineering - (2013)

University Compulsory Req. (16) Hours:

Line No.	Code	Course	Hours	Prerequisite
801012	ARB101	ARABIC LANGUAGE	3	---
811111	ENG111	ENGLISH LANGUAGE (1)	3	Show
810990	ENG099	ENGLISH LANGUAGE (REMEDIAL COURSE)	3	Prerequisite / Pass
2510990	LG099	ENGLISH LANGUAGE (REMEDIAL COURSE)	3	Prerequisite / Pass
2511110	LG111	ENGLISH LANGUAGE (1)	3	Equivalent
811121	ENG112	ENGLISH LANGUAGE(2)	3	Show
811111	ENG111	ENGLISH LANGUAGE (1)	3	Prerequisite / Study
2511110	LG111	ENGLISH LANGUAGE (1)	3	Prerequisite / Study
2511120	LG112	ENGLISH LANGUAGE (2)	3	Equivalent
821000	HSS100	CULTURE AND UNIVERSITY BEHAVIOR	1	---
841000	MS100	MILITARY SCIENCES	3	---
1741000	CIs100	COMPUTER SKILLS	3	---

University Elective Req. (9) Hours:

Line No.	Code	Course	Hours	Prerequisite
181040	PH104	COMMUNITY HEALTH AND NUTRITION	3	---
182002	PH200	FIRST AID	3	---
221910	CHE191	INTRODUCTION TO THE NANOTECHNOLOGY	3	---
251020	ME102	INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY (FOR NON MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS)	3	---
252114	ME211	INTRODUCTION AUTOMOBILE MECHANICS	3	---
301041	PHAR104	DRUGS & MEDICINAL PLANTS IN JORDAN	3	---
401000	NUR100	HEALTH PROMOTION (FOR NON MEDICINE ,NURSING AND MIDWIFERY STUDENTS)	3	---
401090	NUR109	FAMILY HEALTH	3	---
521000	ADS100	ORAL & DENTAL HEALTH	3	---
612000	AP200	FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND PRODUCTION (FOR NON AGRICULTURE AND VETERINARY STUDENTS)	3	Show
612001	AP200	FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTS (FOR NON ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND NUTRITION AND FOOD TECHNOLOGYBSTUDENTS)	3	Equivalent
622000	PP200	HOME GARDENS (FOR NON AGRICULTURE STUDENTS)	3	Show
622001	PP200	HOME GARDENS (FOR NON PLANT PRODUCTION AND SOIL AND IRRIGATION STUDENTS)	3	Equivalent
622010	PP201	BEE KEEPING (FOR NON AGRICULTURE STUDENTS)	3	Show
622011	PP201	BEEKEEPING (FOR NON PLANT PRODUCTION STUDENTS)	3	Equivalent
622020	PP202	NATURAL PLANTS OF JORDAN (FOR NON AGRICULTURE STUDENTS)	3	---
631770	NF177	FOOD PRESERVATION "IN ENGLISH" (FOR NON NUTRITION AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS)	3	---
642000	NR200	NATURAL RESOURCES AND MAN (FOR NON AGRICULTURE STUDENTS)	3	Show
642001	NR200	NATURAL RESOURCES AND MAN (FOR NON PLANT PRODUCTION AND SOIL AND IRRIGATION STUDENTS)	3	Equivalent
642070	NR207	PLANET EARTH PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS (FOR NON AGRICULTURE STUDENTS)	3	Show
642071	NR207	EARTH PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (FOR NON PLANT PRODUCTIONS AND SOIL IRRIGATION STUDENTS)	3	Equivalent
662110	VM211	ANIMAL HEALTH (NOT FOR VETERINARY MEDICAL AND AGRICULTURE STUDENTS)	3	---
662120	VM212	PET ANIMAL CARE	3	---
662130	VM213	ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR AND WELFARE	3	---
662140	VM214	ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH(FOR NON VETERINARY STUDENTS)	3	---
802000	ARB200	APPRECIATION OF LITERARY TEXTS	3	---
821032	HSS103	THE PALESTINIAN ISSUE	3	---
821121	HSS112	AL HADITH AL SHAREEF	3	---
821130	HSS113	FAITH	3	---
821140	HSS114	FEKEH	3	---
821150	HSS115	ISLAM AND RECENT PROBLEMS	3	---
821160	HSS116	ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN ISLAM	3	---
821211	HSS121	PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY	3	---
821260	HSS126	PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY	3	---
821270	HSS127	EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY	3	---
821280	HSS128	NATIONAL EDUCATION	3	---
821311	HSS131	ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION	3	---
821321	HSS132	THE HISTORY OF THE CITY OF JERUSALEM	3	---
821330	HSS133	CIVILIZATION AND RECENT CULTURES	3	---
821350	HSS135	ISLAMIC CULTURE	3	---
821370	HSS137	HUMAN RIGHTS	3	---
821411	HSS141	INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS	3	---
821420	HSS142	LIBRARY AND INFORMATION RESEARCH	3	---
821511	HSS151	INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT SCIENCES	3	---
821531	HSS153	ISLAM AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES	3	---
821611	HSS161	CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS	3	---
821660	HSS166	MAN AND SCIENCE	3	---
821820	HSS182	STUDIES ON WOMEN	3	---
822110	HSS211	SOCIOLOGY (IN ENGLISH)	3	---
822120	HSS212	ARAB SOCIETY	3	---
822130	HSS213	INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY	3	---
822160	HSS216	INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL ISSUES	3	---
822210	HSS221	INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY (IN ENGLISH)	3	---
822220	HSS222	CREATIVITY AND PROBLEMS SOLVING	3	---
822240	HSS224	LEADERSHIP AND COMM. SKILLS	3	---
822310	HSS231	HISTORY OF SCIENCES IN ISLAM	3	---
822410	HSS241	ECONOMY IN THE THIRD WORLD	3	---
822420	HSS242	INFORMATION AND RESEARCH	3	---
822500	HSS250	THE HISTORY OF MUSIC	3	---
822511	HSS251	MUSIC TASTING	3	---
823010	HSS301	PRINCIPLES OF ENTERPRENEURSHIP	3	---
824290	HSS429	THE SCIENCE OF CHILDREN BEHAVIOR	3	---
971030	ES103	ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION (FOR NON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES STUDENTS)	3	---
1111000	P.T100	WELLNESS AND LIFE STYLES (NOT FOR PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY)	3	---
1121000	O.T100	DISABILITY AND THE SOCIETY(NOT ALLOWED FOR REHABILITION SCIENCE DEP.STUDENTS)	3	---
2511050	LG105	BASIC FRENCH LANGUAGE	3	Show
821050	HSS105	BASIC FRENCH LANGUAGE	3	Equivalent
2511060	LG106	BASIC GERMAN LANGUAGE	3	Show
821060	HSS106	BASIC GERMAN LANGUAGE	3	Equivalent

Faculty Compulsory Req. (31) Hours:

Line No.	Code	Course	Hours	Prerequisite
251000	ME100	ENGINEERING WORKSHOPS	1	Show
251010	ME101	ENGINEERING WORKSHOPS	2	Equivalent
252000	ME200	ENGINEERING DRAWING (A)	1	Show
1741000	CIs100	COMPUTER SKILLS	3	Prerequisite / Study
901010	MATH101	CALCULUS I	3	---
901020	MATH102	CALCULUS 2	3	Show
901010	MATH101	CALCULUS I	3	Prerequisite / Study
902010	MATH201	INTERMEDIATE ANALYSIS	3	Show
901020	MATH102	CALCULUS 2	3	Prerequisite / Study
902030	MATH203	ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS	3	Show
901020	MATH102	CALCULUS 2	3	Prerequisite / Study
911010	CHEM101	GENERAL CHEMISTRY (I)	3	---
911020	CHEM102	GENERAL CHEMISTRY (2)	3	Show
911010	CHEM101	GENERAL CHEMISTRY (I)	3	Prerequisite / Study
911072	CHEM107	GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB	1	Show
911020	CHEM102	GENERAL CHEMISTRY (2)	3	Pre./Con.
921010	PHY101	GENERAL PHYSICS (1)	3	---
921020	PHY102	GENERAL PHYSICS (2)	3	Show
921010	PHY101	GENERAL PHYSICS (1)	3	Prerequisite / Study
921072	PHY107	GENERAL PHYSICS LABORATORY (FOR NON-PHYSICS STUDENTS)	1	Show
921020	PHY102	GENERAL PHYSICS (2)	3	Pre./Con.
1731140	CS114	PROGRAMMING FOR ENGINEERS	3	Show
1731141	CS114	PROGRAMMING FOR ENGINEERS (LAB)	0	Concurrent
1731150	CS115	PROGRAMMING IN C++	3	Equivalent
1741000	CIs100	COMPUTER SKILLS	3	Prerequisite / Study
2001140	NE114	PROGRAMMING FOR ENGINEERS	3	Equivalent
1731141	CS114	PROGRAMMING FOR ENGINEERS (LAB)	0	Show
2001141	NE114	PROGRAMMING FOR ENGINEERS (LAB)	0	Equivalent

Department Compulsory Req. (89) Hours:

Line No.	Code	Course	Hours	Prerequisite
221020	CHE102	INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING	2	Show
911020	CHEM102	GENERAL CHEMISTRY (2)	3	Pre./Con.
1731140	CS114	PROGRAMMING FOR ENGINEERS	3	Pre./Con.
222020	CHE202	NUMERICAL METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS	3	Show
233040	CE304	NUMERICAL METHODS	3	Equivalent
243051	EE305	NUMERICAL METHODS FOR ENGINEERS	3	Equivalent
253060	ME306	NUMERICAL METHODS FOR ENGINEERS	3	Equivalent
293110	IE311	NUMERICAL METHODS	3	Equivalent
902010	MATH201	INTERMEDIATE ANALYSIS	3	Prerequisite / Study
902030	MATH203	ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS	3	Prerequisite / Pass
1731140	CS114	PROGRAMMING FOR ENGINEERS	3	Prerequisite / Study
222030	CHE203	FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING	4	Show
221020	CHE102	INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING	2	Prerequisite / Study
911020	CHEM102	GENERAL CHEMISTRY (2)	3	Prerequisite / Pass
222031	CHE203	FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (LAB)	0	Show
222030	CHE203	FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING	4	Concurrent
222420	CHE242	ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS	3	Show
222030	CHE203	FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING	4	Prerequisite / Study
223400	CHE340	THERMODYNAMICS	3	Equivalent
713210	AE321	THERMODYNAMICS	3	Equivalent
222440	CHE244	FLUID MECHANICS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS	3	Show
222030	CHE203	FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING	4	Prerequisite / Pass
223030	CHE303	COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR ENGINEERS	2	Show
223471	CHE347	FLUID MECHANICS LAB	1	Concurrent
223121	CHE312	MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING	3	Show
223110	CHE311	MATERIALS SCIENCE	3	Equivalent
293630	IE363	ENGINEERING MATERIALS	3	Equivalent
913470	CHEM347	PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (2)	3	Prerequisite / Study
223320	CHE332	CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING 1	3	Show
222020	CHE202	NUMERICAL METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS	3	Prerequisite / Study
223410	CHE341	THERMODYNAMICS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING	3	Prerequisite / Study
913470	CHEM347	PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (2)	3	Prerequisite / Study
223410	CHE341	THERMODYNAMICS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING	3	Show
222420	CHE242	ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS	3	Prerequisite / Pass
223420	CHE342	CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS (2)	3	Equivalent
223451	CHE345	HEAT TRANSFER	3	Show
222020	CHE202	NUMERICAL METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS	3	Pre./Con.
222440	CHE244	FLUID MECHANICS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS	3	Prerequisite / Pass
714520	AE452	HEAT TRANSFER	3	Equivalent
223471	CHE347	FLUID MECHANICS LAB	1	Show
222440	CHE244	FLUID MECHANICS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS	3	Prerequisite / Study
251000	ME100	ENGINEERING WORKSHOPS	1	Prerequisite / Study
223621	CHE362	UNIT OPERATIONS	3	Show
223451	CHE345	HEAT TRANSFER	3	Prerequisite / Study
223620	CHE362	UNIT OPERATIONS	3	Equivalent
223640	CHE364	MASS TRANSFER	3	Show
223410	CHE341	THERMODYNAMICS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING	3	Prerequisite / Study
223451	CHE345	HEAT TRANSFER	3	Prerequisite / Study
224012	CHE401	ENGINEERING ECONOMY	2	Show
223621	CHE362	UNIT OPERATIONS	3	Prerequisite / Study
224221	CHE422	CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES	3	Show
224630	CHE463	SEPARATION PROCESSES	3	Prerequisite / Study
224331	CHE433	CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING II	3	Show
223320	CHE332	CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING 1	3	Prerequisite / Pass
224360	CHE436	CHEMICAL PROCESSING LAB	1	Show
224331	CHE433	CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING II	3	Prerequisite / Study
225350	CHE535	CHEMICAL PROCESSING	1	Equivalent
224450	CHE445	HEAT & MASS TRANSFER LAB	1	Show
223471	CHE347	FLUID MECHANICS LAB	1	Prerequisite / Study
223640	CHE364	MASS TRANSFER	3	Prerequisite / Study
224421	CHE442	HEAT& MASS TRANSFER LAB	1	Equivalent
224520	CHE452	APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MODELLING FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS	3	Show
222020	CHE202	NUMERICAL METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS	3	Prerequisite / Study
224331	CHE433	CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING II	3	Pre./Con.
224540	CHE454	COMPUTER APPLICATIONS LAB FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS	1	Show
224712	CHE471	EQUIPMENT DESIGN	3	Pre./Con.
225551	CHE555	COMPUTER APPLICATIONS LAB FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS	1	Equivalent
252000	ME200	ENGINEERING DRAWING (A)	1	Prerequisite / Study
224560	CHE456	INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS	3	Show
224630	CHE463	SEPARATION PROCESSES	3	Prerequisite / Study
224621	CHE462	EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY	3	Show
223121	CHE312	MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING	3	Prerequisite / Study
223621	CHE362	UNIT OPERATIONS	3	Prerequisite / Study
224630	CHE463	SEPARATION PROCESSES	3	Show
223640	CHE364	MASS TRANSFER	3	Prerequisite / Study
224640	CHE464	SEPARATION PROCESSES	3	Equivalent
224712	CHE471	EQUIPMENT DESIGN	3	Show
223121	CHE312	MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING	3	Prerequisite / Study
224630	CHE463	SEPARATION PROCESSES	3	Pre./Con.
224721	CHE472	EQUIPMENT DESIGN	3	Equivalent
224901	CHE490	ENGINEERING TRAINING	3	Show
224900	CHE490	ENGINEERING PRACTICE	3	Equivalent
225510	CHE551	PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL	3	Show
224520	CHE452	APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MODELLING FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS	3	Prerequisite / Study
225520	CHE552	PROCESS CONTROL LAB	1	Show
225510	CHE551	PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL	3	Prerequisite / Study
225650	CHE565	UNIT OPERATIONS LAB	1	Show
223621	CHE362	UNIT OPERATIONS	3	Prerequisite / Study
224450	CHE445	HEAT & MASS TRANSFER LAB	1	Prerequisite / Study
224630	CHE463	SEPARATION PROCESSES	3	Prerequisite / Study
225751	CHE575	PLANT DESIGN	3	Show
224012	CHE401	ENGINEERING ECONOMY	2	Prerequisite / Study
224712	CHE471	EQUIPMENT DESIGN	3	Prerequisite / Study
225780	CHE578	CHEMICAL PROCESS SAFETY	2	Show
225751	CHE575	PLANT DESIGN	3	Pre./Con.
225910	CHE591	GRADUATION PROJECT (1)	1	Show
225751	CHE575	PLANT DESIGN	3	Pre./Con.
225920	CHE592	GRADUATION PROJECT (2)	3	Show
225910	CHE591	GRADUATION PROJECT (1)	1	Prerequisite / Study
243031	EE303	PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING	3	Show
241000	EE100	INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING	3	Equivalent
243032	EE303	PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (NON EE-STUDENTS )	3	Equivalent
901020	MATH102	CALCULUS 2	3	Prerequisite / Study
921020	PHY102	GENERAL PHYSICS (2)	3	Prerequisite / Study
912170	CHEM217	ORGANIC CHEMISTRY	3	Show
911020	CHEM102	GENERAL CHEMISTRY (2)	3	Prerequisite / Study
912110	CHEM211	ORGANIC CHEMISTRY( I)	3	Equivalent
912180	CHEM218	ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL	1	Show
912132	CHEM213	ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB	1	Equivalent
912170	CHEM217	ORGANIC CHEMISTRY	3	Pre./Con.
913470	CHEM347	PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (2)	3	Show
222420	CHE242	ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS	3	Prerequisite / Study

Department Elective Req. (15) Hours:

Line No.	Code	Course	Hours	Prerequisite
224110	CHE411	CORROSION ENGINEERING	3	Show
223121	CHE312	MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING	3	Prerequisite / Study
224120	CHE412	POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY	3	Show
223320	CHE332	CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING 1	3	Prerequisite / Study
912170	CHEM217	ORGANIC CHEMISTRY	3	Prerequisite / Study
224150	CHE415	CERAMICS ENGINEERING	3	Show
223121	CHE312	MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING	3	Prerequisite / Study
224240	CHE424	PETROLEUM REFINERY ENGINEERING	3	Show
224630	CHE463	SEPARATION PROCESSES	3	Prerequisite / Study
912170	CHEM217	ORGANIC CHEMISTRY	3	Prerequisite / Study
224261	CHE426	FOOD ENGINEERING	3	Show
223621	CHE362	UNIT OPERATIONS	3	Prerequisite / Study
223640	CHE364	MASS TRANSFER	3	Prerequisite / Study
224500	CHE450	EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND DATA ANALYSIS	3	Show
222020	CHE202	NUMERICAL METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS	3	Prerequisite / Study
224572	CHE457	INTRODUCTION TO OPTIMIZATION	3	Show
222020	CHE202	NUMERICAL METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS	3	Prerequisite / Study
224840	CHE484	AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL	3	Show
223621	CHE362	UNIT OPERATIONS	3	Prerequisite / Study
223640	CHE364	MASS TRANSFER	3	Prerequisite / Study
225180	CHE518	ELECTROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING	3	Show
223320	CHE332	CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING 1	3	Prerequisite / Study
223640	CHE364	MASS TRANSFER	3	Prerequisite / Study
225281	CHE528	PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESS ENGINEERING	3	Show
224630	CHE463	SEPARATION PROCESSES	3	Prerequisite / Study
225430	CHE543	RENEWABLE ENERGY	3	Show
223410	CHE341	THERMODYNAMICS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING	3	Prerequisite / Study
223451	CHE345	HEAT TRANSFER	3	Prerequisite / Study
225450	CHE545	ENERGY AND ANALYSIS OF FOSSIL FUELS	3	Show
223640	CHE364	MASS TRANSFER	3	Prerequisite / Study
224331	CHE433	CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING II	3	Prerequisite / Study
225460	CHE546	OIL SHALE TECHNOLOGY	3	Show
223621	CHE362	UNIT OPERATIONS	3	Prerequisite / Study
225620	CHE562	HYDROMETALLURGY	3	Show
224621	CHE462	EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY	3	Prerequisite / Study
225660	CHE566	DESALINATION	3	Show
223640	CHE364	MASS TRANSFER	3	Prerequisite / Study
255012	ME501	WATER DESALINATION	3	Equivalent
225680	CHE568	GAS PROCESSING AND TREATMENT	3	Show
224630	CHE463	SEPARATION PROCESSES	3	Pre./Con.
225810	CHE581	MEMBRANE SEPARATION PROCESSES	3	Show
223640	CHE364	MASS TRANSFER	3	Prerequisite / Study
225831	CHE583	PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL WATER TREATMENT	3	Show
224630	CHE463	SEPARATION PROCESSES	3	Pre./Con.
225850	CHE585	BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING	3	Show
223320	CHE332	CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING 1	3	Prerequisite / Study
223640	CHE364	MASS TRANSFER	3	Prerequisite / Study
225871	CHE587	BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT	3	Show
223621	CHE362	UNIT OPERATIONS	3	Prerequisite / Study
225900	CHE590A	SPECIAL TOPICS A	3	---
225901	CHE590B	SPECIAL TOPICS B	2	---
225902	CHE590C	SPECIAL TOPICS C	1	---
255282	ME528	THERMAL POWER PLANTS	3	Show
222420	CHE242	ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS	3	Prerequisite / Study
255280	ME528	THERMAL POWER PLANTS	3	Equivalent
255810	ME581	HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING	3	---
255821	ME582	FLUID POWER CONTROL	3	---
295451	IE545	PROJECT MANAGEMENT	3	Show
295570	IE557	INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT	3	Equivalent
295471	IE547	FACILITIES PLANNING	3	Show
295480	IE548	FACILITIES PLANNING	3	Equivalent
295560	IE556	TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT	3	---
295600	IE560	RELIABILITY AND MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT	3	Show
295740	IE574	RELIABILITY AND MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT	3	Equivalent