Jordan University of Science and
Technology
Deanship of Research
Funded
Research
(1999 & 2000)
January 2001
INTRODUCTION
A Royal decree
was issued on September 1, 1986 establishing the Jordan University of Science
and Technology (JUST) as an autonomous national institute for higher education.
It is located at 20 km to the east of Irbid, the second city in Jordan, and 80
km to the north of Amman, the capital. The area of its campus is about 11000
dunums with buildings that were constructed according to the latest
architectural designs appropriate to the nature of its scientific faculties.
The size of its campus reflects Jordan educational and research ambitions in
the various fields of science and technology. Since its foundation the university
has witnessed continuous growth in all aspects. The number of its faculties
rose from five to eleven, i.e. Engineering, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy,
Nursing, Agriculture, Science and Arts, Veterinary Medicine, Computer and
Information Technology, Applied Medical Sciences, and Graduate Studies. In
addition, the university has the Deanships of Research and Student Affairs.
Also there was a great increase in number of enrolled students which rose from
2300 in 1986 to reach 12000 in 2000/2001. Similarly, the number of the faculty
members rose from 110 when the university was founded to reach 550 at the
present. The University has 130 scholars still studying for doctorate degrees
in various specializations. The university awards B.Sc. degrees in 36 programs,
and graduate degrees in 56 different programs (Diploma, High Specialization,
M.Sc., and Ph.D.).
Research plays
a basic role in the mission of the university. We believe that the university
is an institution not only for training young men and women; but also for
developing, disseminating, and applying science and knowledge in order to
improve in one way or another the quality of life of the people. This can only
be achieved through research. Therefore; research is considered an integral
part of the development plans of Jordan. We look at research as a major goal of
academia and achievements in this area are extremely important. Only through
research, the improvement of the academic standards of the university’s faculty
members and the international recognition of the university can be
accomplished. The deanship of research is in charge of sponsoring, managing,
and coordinating research activities conducted by the university faculty
members. The major goals of the deanship are:
1- Encouraging researchers to address problems
that are of priority to the developmental needs of Jordan.
2- Providing needed services and advanced
laboratory facilities for research.
3- Attracting research funds from different
outside sources for research projects.
4- Building relations of cooperation and exchange
of expertise with research institutions and centers at home and abroad.
5- Patenting inventions and their registration in
order to protect the rights of the university and the researchers.
This volume
introduces the research activities at JUST to national and international
agencies. It includes the abstracts of the funded research during the year 2000
and a list of the funded research titles for the year 1999. Also included two
figures that show the number of funded research projects and budget allocated
for research during the period from 1987 to 2000. We hope that this volume
reflects the commitment and aspiration of our faculty members to research.
Deanship of Research
January 2001
Abstracts
for Funded Research
During the Year 2000
Faculty of Engineering
Theoretical & Experimental Study of
Separation of Alcohol-Water Mixture by Molecular Sieve
Hussein Allabon, Fahmi Abu Alrub, and
Ammar Eisa
Project No.: 18/2000 Amount
of Fund: 2900 JD
ABSTRACT
Separation of
alcohol – water vapor mixtures by adsorption of water vapor on molecular sieves
will be investigated. The effects of liquid composition, mass of molecular
sieves, alcohol – water vapor flow rate, and pore size on the efficiency of
separation will be studied.
A mathematical
model that describes the adsorption process will be formulated and solved for
each alcohol water mixture and the results will be compared with the
experimental ones.
Information System of Progress Evaluation of Public Project in
Jordan
Abdalla Qudah, and Hussien AL Battaineh
Project No.: 22/2000 Amount
of Fund: 1150 JD
ABSTRACT
An information
system for progress evaluation of projects was developed. The system includes a
relational database of contractors, consultants, general and periodic progress
information of public projects in Jordan. The system includes a list of all
classified contractors and consultants and their classification. The system
provides mangers and decision-makers with the progress curves and progress parameters
needed to identify and assess the extent of delay and cost overrun of a
particular project as well as of group of projects of common characteristics.
The information system was used to evaluate the progress of public building and
road projects. The evaluation is based on planned and actual progress data of
164 buildings and 28 roads constructed during the period of 1996 – 2000. The
evaluation aimed at identifying the different factors and characteristics
associated with projects that have encountered extensive delays and cost
overrun. The project characteristics considered in the evaluation were: (1)
contract duration; (2) contract value; (3) project location; (4) contractor
classification; (5) type of consultant; and (6) source of funding. The results
of the progress evaluation were: (1) public projects, specially roads, suffered
from extensive delay and cost overrun: the respective average time and cost
growths were 60.45% and 12.45% for road projects, and 20.32% and 3.93% for
buildings; (2) the higher the contract value and contract duration the less the
time and the cost growths; (3) international financing improves the cost
performance but has negative effect on time performance; (4) projects consulted
by private firm has less cost growth but more time growth than projects
consulted by public consultants.
Remote Sensing and GIS-Assisted
Modeling of Soil Induced
Erosion Hazards: A Case Study in the North & Northwest
of Jordan
Abdallah I.Malkawi, and Nezar A.
Hammouri
Project No.: 29/2000 Amount
of Fund: 1300 JD
ABSTRACT
Soil erosion is
considered as a major problem that restricts and reduces the use of
agricultural lands. The problem has a significant impact in arid and semi-arid
environments, commonly regions where quantitative information on erosion rates
is severely lacking. In Jordan, the agricultural lands are mainly located in
the northern and western parts of Jordan. These lands, which represent only
(5%) of Jordan, are the only source crops, therefore, the soil erosion is
considered as severe problem in Jordan.
The following
objectives are expected to be achieved during this study:
-
Estimating erosion impact in the north
and north-west of Jordan using GIS and Remote Sensing Analysis.
-
Estimating soil erosion parameters for
Jordan
-
Optimizing land use and prevention
procedure for sustained soil and land use.
-
Simulation human activities impact on
landscape process.
Behavior of Extended End Plate for Beam – to – Column
Connection
Khairedin M. Abdalla, G. Abu-Farsakh,
and S. Barakat
Project No.: 30/2000 Amount
of Fund: 5000 JD
ABSTRACT
The research
project will describes an experimental investigation into the structural
behavior of flexible end plate beam–to–column connections. A series of tests on
a variety of beams-to-column joints will be tested under gradually increasing
static loads. An optical technique will be adopted for the measurement of
rotations of the beam and the column. The moment rotation characteristic is the
most important influence on the response of members or frames. A review is made
of all available test data.
Multiobjective Reliability-Based Optimization of Prestressed
Concrete Girder Bridges
Samer Barakat, and Mohammed Qahtan
Project No.: 33/2000 Amount
of Fund: 1950 JD
ABSTRACT
A comprehensive
study on the optimal probabilistic design of prestressed concrete beams (PCB)
is presented. The Feasible Direction Method is used to obtain a set of optimal
geometrical dimensions of asymmetrical I-beam cross section, and amount of
prestressing steel. The bonded tendon type is considered in application of
post-tensioned beam with a single duct of parabolic shape. Many parameters were
analyzed including the effect of span length considering different loading
cases. The performance constraints in the deterministic approach, according to
the ACI 318/95 Building Code provisions, are based upon the flexural stresses,
the prestressing losses, the ultimate shear strength, the ultimate moment
capacity of the section with respect to cracking moment and factored loads, the
crack width, the immediate deflection and the long term deflection. A practical
and efficient reliability based-structural optimization (RBSO) approach is
conducted to design PCB. The solution is obtained using an optimization-based
program linked to a reliability analysis program. In this program, the first
order second moment reliability method for the aforementioned components and
systems is employed. Material properties, loading and models used to predict
structural behavior at all stages, are treated as random variables. An approach
of single objective RBSO (SORBO) of PCB to minimize the overall cost of the
beam in terms of concrete, prestressing steel, mild steel and formwork is given
by a one-point solution. This solution does not provide enough information for
decision making in the design process. Hence, the multiobjective
reliability-based optimization (MORBO) of PCB is shown to be practically
feasible and more beneficial than SORBO. An algorithm to handle uncertainty in
MORBO problems considering the -constraint method is used and the
Pareto optimum solutions are obtained. Secondary and tertiary competing
objective functions have been simultaneously applied for both minimizing the
overall cost and the long term deflection, as well as maximizing; the system
reliability index, the reliability of flexural strength capacity, and the
reliability of tensile stress at service stage. The probabilistic designs are
performed using two types of target reliability index. As a result of MORBO
solutions, the design charts and their interaction curves are developed. These
charts can be used by the designers in selecting the best-desired solutions.
Modeling of Turning Process
Fikri Dweiri, Mohammed Hayajneh, and
Wafa' Bataineh
Project No.: 34/2000 Amount
of Fund: 1620 JD
ABSTRACT
This thesis
proposes a new three-dimensional cutting process model. The basic features and
improvements over previously developed models include: (1) cutting force
calculations based on the concept of equivalent orthogonal cutting process
(EOC), which converts the modeling of three dimensional cutting process into
the modeling of orthogonal cutting processes. In the model, both cutting force
coefficient and chip load are considered as functions of cutting conditions,
tool geometry, machine-tool structural vibrations. (2) microstructure hardness
variation of work piece material has been taken into consideration. (3) the
regenerative mechanism and mode coupling effect in machining are included. The
structural dynamics equations, which include five vibration modes, are in the
form of a set of simultaneous different equations. The forth-order Runge-Kutta
method is applied to solve these equations numerically. Based on the proposed
model, systematic simulation of turning processes has been conducted. The simulation
results show the relation between the cutting force and surface finish (output
of the process) and the feed, spindle speed, depth cut, nose radius, rake and
lead angles (the input parameters of the process). The simulation results of
surface finish and cutting force are verified experimentally. The simulated
surface finish and cutting force are in agreement with the experimental
results.
Using MODFLOW and MT3D Groundwater Flow and Transport Models
as a Management Tool for the Azraq Groundwater System)
Mohanned Al-Sheriadeh, Yahia Majali,
and Randeh Hatamleh
Project No.: 35/2000 Amount
of Fund: 1850 JD
ABSTRACT
The present
research is intended to manage the withdrawal of groundwater from Azraq Field
without the danger of water being depleted or threatened by salinity intrusion
into the freshwater. The work methodology stems mainly on models simulation, by
the which the groundwater flow and constituents transport are first studied and
physically captured. Once completed, management options will be investigated on
the basis of scenario simulation to find out the best alternative which
groundwater system sustainability.
Effect of Soil-Water Separation Techniques on the Adsorption
Characteristics of Bacteria Onto Soil
Munjed Al-Sharif, Jamal Abu-Ashour, and
Samah Sami
Project No.: 36/2000 Amount
of Fund: 2850 JD
ABSTRACT
A suite of
laboratory batch experiments using a tracer bacterium, nalidixic acid-resistant
Escherichia coli (E.coli NAR), were used to study the effect of
three soil-water separation techniques on determining the adsorption
characteristics of bacteria onto soil. The used techniques are: centrifugation,
sedimentation, and filtration. For each method of separation three types of
adsorption isotherms were examined to investigate the applicable isotherm. They
are: linear, Langmuir, and Freundlich isotherm.
Results showed that, the used biotracer
survive well in soil and water for 7 days Period. The partitioning of E.coil
NAR with the used loamy soil was controlled by an equilibrium model. The
Equilibrium State was reached after 1-hr mixing. Linear isotherm applied to the
different separation techniques can best describes the adsorption of E.coli
NAR onto soil for the used range of E. coli NAR concentration.
Filtration technique provides the highest effect in biotracer retardation,
water-soil separation and hence the adsorption of E.coli NAR per unit
mass of soil. Whereas, gravity settling of E. coli NAR was not
significant when they are present in water, and gives the lowest amount of biotracer
adsorption.
Retention of Selected Heavy Metals on Clayey Soils from
Irbid Region
Munjed Al-Sharif, and Ruba A. Al-Zoubi
Project No.: 37/2000 Amount
of Fund: 1550 JD
ABSTRACT
The removal of
some heavy metals; namely, zinc and cadmium, from aqueous solutions through
retention on soil is investigated. A series of laboratory column and batch
experiments were conducted with soil from the Irbid region in order to study
the retention characteristics. The effect of metal concentration, metal type,
and soil clay content is observed and, eventually, used to establish a
relationship between the retention of heavy metals in soil and the previously
mentioned factors. The developed relationships provide useful tools for an
understanding of the retention of heavy metals in Irbid soil under various
conditions.
Since trace
elements could be toxic, mutagenic, or teratogenic when introduced to human
body, bio-systems, or environment. This work could contribute towards finding a
method of removal of such elements, and so in providing a safe water supply.
Results has
shown a high potential of Irbid soil to retain zinc and cadmium under different
influent concentrations and clay content.
Proposed Pavement Design Models for Jordan
Fouad Gharaybeh, and Amani Al-Motairi
Project No.: 38/2000 Amount
of Fund: 1370 JD
ABSTRACT
The aim of this
research is to produce special design models and charts pertinent to Jordan.
These models should be simple, easy to use, consider the Jordanian material and
climate and valid for all types of roads.
These
objectives will be achieved through recognition of the parameters in the
original American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
(AASHTO) design models, characterization of the Jordanian pavement material and
environmental conditions, plug in fixed values for some of the parameters used
in the original models and eliminate some of the variables, production of new
developed models with the least number of variables and drawing design charts
for each road category used in Jordan.
Heavy Metals Distribution and Microbial Profile In Zarqa
River Water and Sediments
Munjed Al-Sharif, Moh'd Nuseer, and
Abed Salam Qublan
Project No.: 39/2000 Amount
of Fund: 1700 JD
ABSTRACT
This research
was aimed at studying the distribution of heavy metals including Cd, Cr, Zn,
Pb, and Cu in Zarqa river water and sediment. Water and sediment samples were
collected along the river from King Talal dam to Amman during February and May
2000,and the frequency of the sampling is monthly.
The results
indicate that the concentrations of heavy metals are below the values
recommended by Jordanian standards for irrigation water except Cr and Cd in the
dam and Jerash area. The concentration of heavy metals in the river sediment is
greater about by about 1000 times relative to that in water demonstrate the
importance of suspended matter as transport pathway for the metals. The most
contaminated area is located in Russiefa area within industry region and at the
confluence of the river with wastewater treatment plants.
Also, the
densities of total coliforms, salmonella, shigella, giardia lambila and
entamoeba histolytica in the river are studied, the result showed that the
river water contain high densities of coliforms and other bacteria and no contains
either giardia or entamoeba. The variation of densities of bacteria refers to
the point and nonpoint source source of pollution associated within the basin
of the Zarqa River. Also these result indicate that the Samra and Jarash
wastewater treatment plant are the major source of pollution in the river.
Simulation of Variables that Influence Spray Distribution
and Drift
Adnan I. Khdair, and Lau’y Zeatoun
Project No: 40/2000
Amount of Fund: 4970 JD
ABSTRACT
The objectives
of this research is to assist in the development of equipment and selection of
operating conditions to maximize the pesticide deposit on the target and
minimize the spray drift by studying the effects of several variables on spray
distributions and drift distances of spray droplets using laboratory test and a
computational fluid dynamics computer program (CFD) “FLUENT”. The simulation
variables include: operating pressure (1 to 30 bar), droplet size (10 to 2000 mm), wind velocity (0.50 to 10
m/s), initial droplet velocity (0-50 m/s), discharge height (0.25 to 4 m),
temperature (10 to 30 C), relative humidity (10 to 100%), and 20% turbulence
intensity.
A Study on the Safety Factor of Slopes Using Limiting
Equilibrium Approach
Abdallah 1.Husein Malkawi, and Tamara
Mubeideen.
Project No.: 41/2000 Amount of
Found: 1200 JD
ABSTRACT
Locating the
critical slip surface and the associated minimum factor of safety are two
complementary parts in analyzing the stability of slopes. Recently, a large
number of computer programs have been developed to solve slope stability
problems. However, most of them have used inefficient and unreliable search
procedures to locate the global minimum factor of safety. The main objectives
of this research are:
1. The SAS-MCT program will be used to study the
effect of number of slices on the determination of the factor of safety of the
slope. Circular and non-circular slip surfaces will be considered. In case of
non-circular slip surfaces different vertices will be considered.
2. The SAS-MCT program will be used to study the
use of different limiting equilibrium methods for the safety factor. This will
cover various method of stability as Fellenius (1936), Bishop (1955), Janbu
(1954,1973), Moregenstern-Price (1965), and Spencer (1967).
3. Various optimization search methods will be
considered to determine the most effective among them. These are grid method,
Jumping method and random walking method.
NOx Reduction in Acoustically Enhanced Combustion
Ghassan Tashtoush, and Mohamed
Abu-Qudais
Project No.: 55/2000 Amount of Fund: 3000 JD
ABSTRACT
NOx
is recognized as a fundamental component of the ground level ozone problem.
Since 1970’s the Utility Industry has been faces with grater pressure from the
EPA to reduce the flue gas emissions of SO2 and NOx.
Currently in UK, there are limits on the NOx Concentration in the
utility-boiler flue gas which are set at 650 mg /Nm3.NOx emission
have been reduced on a steady basis by improving the different elements of the
combustion process, by installing low NOx burners. The industry has
consistently tried to find ways by which NOx reduction can be
achieved, relatively inexpensive, and with the new Ozone Season limits, it is
becoming more of a requirement.
The objective
of this study is to seek a new technology in order to replace a flue gas reburn
technology which has been used in order to control nitrogen oxides pollutant
emitted from the power plants. The flue gas reburn system consists of a
recirculation unit which is effective in reducing the formation of NOx
pollutants but expensive in building and maintaining the system. The proposed
study will investigate a possible alternative means to achieve the same or even
better effectiveness in reducing the NOx pollutants with much less
cost.
Artificial Neural Network Based Method for Classification,
Identification, Assessment and Performance Prediction of Pre-earthquakes and
Post-earthquakes Structures
Khaldoon Bani-Hani, and Samer Barakat
Project No.: 57/2000 Amount
of Fund: 2200 JD
ABSTRACT
The
post-earthquake performance of structural systems is tightly related to prior
knowledge of the structural characteristics as well as their performance
history and pre-earthquake responses. The future stability and reliability of
structures and their capabilities of static and dynamic resistance to external
loadings depend on the accuracy of the dynamic system models used in analysis,
design and construction. Additionally, for existing structures, handy response
history and performance records describing the structural response under different
environmental loads, such as strong earthquakes, blast waves and wind forces
are of great importance to verify, identify, classify and predict the
structural performance and sustainability. This study discusses the possibility
of introducing a new neural network based method to classify, identify
and predict the performance of structures. A comprehensive study is to be
conducted in an effort to verify the stability and reliability of recently
post-earthquake structures and the future performance of those structures and
the new structures. Besides, structures are expected to be classified in
several rated categories, according to their importance, strength,
geometry, damage resistance, crack developments, crack
patterns, yielding, ductility, material properties and
their future vulnerability for earthquakes resistance and structural
collapse.
Capital Budgeting of Municipal Projects
Abdalla Qudah
Project No.: 60/2000 Amount
of Fund: 2700 JD
ABSTRACT
Due to scarce
financial resources and improper planning and capital budgeting, most
Municipalities in Jordan face financial problems thus imparting their abilities
to deliver vital community services. Proper planning and capital budgeting
becomes more important as the demands on public services increase at a much
steeper rate than the increase in financial resources. This problem reduces to
a special problem of proper planning and allocation of limited resources to
achieve maximum value of public services and projects over a limited planning
horizon.
This research
aims at developing a capital budgeting system that addresses the planning and
capital budgeting problems faced by many municipalities and other public
agencies in a systematic approach. The system plans for services and
infrastructure projects as well as for income-generating projects and
investments. The system requires the decision makers to assign priorities among
the planned projects and services. Taking the set priorities and the projected
cash flow for each project or service, the projected capital budget over the
planning horizon, and the rates of discounts on investments and loans as input,
the system generates a feasible schedule of the planned services and projects
that maximizes the benefits without exceeding the municipality’s financial
capabilities.
The system is
implemented in an easy to use interactive computer program that utilizes a
search algorithm designed to schedule the high value services and projects as
early as possible. As a project is scheduled, either from available budget or
through a loan, the capital budget is updated according to the discounted
project’s and/or loan cash requirements. The updated budget is then checked
against the required cash of another project to determine the project’s
earliest possible start. This process is repeated until no further projects can
be scheduled within the planning horizon. This algorithm is repeated for
different combinations of services and projects. The combination that yields
the highest value is selected.
Self-Similar Fractality of Urban Growth Systems
Imad Al-hashimi, Abdil-Sahib Al-Azzawi,
and Hassan Abd Ali Abdul-Shaheed
Project No.: 63/2000 Amount
of Fund: 1700 JD
ABSTRACT
Fractal
Geometry is a mean to represent chaotic systems. It concerns with irregular
patterns made of parts that are in some way similar to the whole, e.g., twigs
and tree branches, a property called self-similarity or self-symmetry. There
are four main features of Fractal Geometry which are self-similarity,
hierarchy, irregularity and fractal (not-integer) dimensions.
Geometry is no
longer conceived in terms of straight lines (the Geometry of Euclid) but can
admit irregularity without abandoning continuity.
The city is a
mirror of society and culture. Its physical form is considered to be the
ultimate result of a multitude of social and economic processes constrained and
shaped by the geometry of the natural and man-made world. Cities growth imply
the same systematic order at each level of their hierarchy according to multi
fractal dimensions. The goal is to develop a mathematical tool to describe,
interpret and simulate reality.
Evaluation of Biomedical Wastes and Its Disposal Practices
in Irbid Hospitals
Wa'il E. Abu-El-Shar, Munjed M.
Al-Sharif, Attalla Rabi, and Mamdouh Allawzi
Project No.: 72/2000 Amount of Fund: 2000 JD
ABSTRACT
The mounted
awareness of the negative impacts of the improper handling of medical wastes on
human health and the environment initiated interest in the local Jordanian
media which questioned the current medical waste disposal practices of 13
hospitals in Irbid region. In response, this study has been examining the
overall medical waste management practices of the targeted 13 hospitals with
emphasis on the generated volumes, handling, treatment, and disposal of the
"developer and fixer waste produced from the x-ray units at these
hospitals. Each hospital was visited and evaluated using a specially prepared
questionnaire that was filled with the participation of the designated personal
at every hospital. The questionnaire covered many aspects of hospital solid
waste management and disposal including: general information, specialty,
services, employees, size, departments, handling disposal and management of
clinical waste, staff and responsibilities, training and awareness, and external
management of clinical waste. To date, site visits of all hospitals have just
been completed and the collected data is in the process of analysis.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Multicomponent Ion
Exchange in Fluidized Bed
Fahmi Abu Al-Rub, and Hasan Mosa
Project No.: 73/2000 Amount
of Fund: 1650 JD
ABSTRACT
In this work,
the removal of different ions, such as copper and nickel from wastewater by ion
exchange in a liquid-solid fluidized bed is to be studied. The relative merits
of using ion exchange fluidized bed versus packed bed will be evaluated for the
studied ions.
A mathematical
model which combines an axial dispersion model with an equilibrium theory is to
be formulated for the multicomponent ion exchange in a fluidized bed.
Feasibility of Collecting Ambient Air Moisture by Forced
Condensation
Hamid Al-Jalil, Jumah Amayreh, and
Mohamad Al-Widyan
Project No.: 74/2000 Amount
of Fund: 2500 JD
ABSTRACT
In this
proposal, the potential and feasibility of collecting ambient air moisture and
converting it into a useful source of water is investigated. The quality of
this water resource is good and the quantity is theoretically unlimited. The
methodology of this research is to use a refrigeration system to cool specially
designed surfaces (dehumidifying units) to a temperature equal to or below the
dew temperature. As a result, air moisture in contact with the cooled surfaces
of the units will be forced to condense and then be collected for usage.
Necessary
sensors will be utilized to control the process by reporting the collected
water and ambient air conditions numerous times during the 24 hours of the day
by the aid of a data logger. This shall help determine the effect of ambient
conditions including mainly the relative humidity, temperature, …etc. on the
collection efficiency during the day. The eventual goal is to determine the
best times during the day and in different seasons for water collection.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Vapor-liquid Equilibria in Mixed
Aqueous-Organic Systems with Salts
Fawzi Banat, and Sameer Al-Asheh
Project No.: 77/2000 Amount
of Fund: 3800 JD
ABSTRACT
The ease of
components separation from a liquid mixture via distillation depends on the
vapor-liquid equilibrium characteristics of the liquid mixture. If an azeotrope
is encountered in distillation, its composition represents a limit to the
separation that can be achieved. Salt-effect distillation is a novel variation
on extractive distillation in which the “agent” added to the column to effect
the separation is a salt rather than a liquid. When a salt is added to a
mixture, the overall effect will be to increase the relative volatility and
probably shift the azeotropic point or even break it, if the salt is properly
selected. This work aims at studying the effect of different salts on the
vapor-liquid equilibrium of selected systems; in particular those systems that
can be separated by the membrane distillation process. Different thermodynamic
mathematical.
Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by Reverse Osmosis &
the Possibility of Usable Materials Recovery from the Wastewater Stream
Hani Abu Qdais
Project No.: 81/2000 Amount
of Fund: 6800 JD
ABSTRACT
A broad
spectrum of industrial wastewater (i.e. olive-oil, selfo-chemical, paint, dairy
industries) will be selected for the treatment in a specially designed and
fabricated laboratory scale reverse osmosis (RO) unit (see figure 1). The unit
will be run under a combination of various operational conditions such as, flow
rate, pressure, RO units arrangement (parallel and series) and recycling ratio,
with different quality parameters of the feed industrial wastewater, including
pH, temperature, and pollutants concentration.
The
concentration of the pollutants in the industrial wastewater samples will be
determined initially before being introduced into the RO unit, based on which,
proper pretreatment steps of the samples will be conducted. After that, the
industrial wastewater will be fed into the RO unit for treatment, and the
concentration of the pollutants will be measured in both the reject and
permeate water. The concentration estimations will be cross-checked by carrying
out a mass balance.
The methods and
techniques that will be utilized for concentration measurement, will depend on
the parameter of interest, and those will mainly include GC/MS,
spectrophotometry, BOD, and COD techniques. The data of each experiment will be
recorded and the reject ratio for each run to be calculated. The best
combination of operational conditions and quality parameters which gives higher
reject ratio will be determined for each industrial wastewater stream.
Recycled reject
